a (в закрытом слоге) | /æ/ | bag, bad, hand |
a (исключение: в открытом слоге) | /æ/ | have |
arr | /æ/ | barrel |
wa (перед x, ck, g) | /æ/ | wax, wagon, wacky |
i (в открытом слоге, не перед r) | /aɪ/ | fine, pie |
y (в открытом слоге, не перед r) | /aɪ/ | type, bye |
y (в конце односложного) | /aɪ/ | my, sky, fly |
ind | /aɪ/ | kind, mind, blind, find, wind |
igh | /aɪ/ | high, might, flight, sigh, night |
ild | /aɪ/ | child, wild |
ign | /aɪ/ | sign |
i (в закрытом слоге) | /ɪ/ | sit, fit, hit |
i (исключение: в открытом слоге, не перед r) | /ɪ/ | give |
y (в закрытом слоге) | /ɪ/ | myth |
y (в безударном, середине / конце) | /ɪ/ | synonym |
e (в безударном, начале / середине) | /ɪ/ | begin |
ind | /ɪ/ | wind |
e (в открытом слоге) | /iː/ | eve, meter |
ee | /iː/ | steel, meet, see, reel, heel, beet, reed, feet |
ea | /iː/ | steal, meat, sea, real, heal, beat, read, feat |
ie | /iː/ | piece, believe, relief, priest, grief |
ei | /iː/ | ceiling, seize, receive, deceive, perceive |
e (в конце односложного) | /iː/ | he, me, be, she |
e (закрытый слог) | /e/ | set, theft |
ea | /e/ | pleasant, heavy |
ead | /e/ | head, bread, dead |
a (открытый слог) | /eɪ/ | cake, make, rate |
ei | /eɪ/ | vein, rein |
ey | /eɪ/ | grey, obey, prey, survey |
ai | /eɪ/ | main, rain, mail, hail, sail |
ay | /eɪ/ | day, May, say, pay, betray |
eigh | /eɪ/ | weigh, freight, neighbour, sleigh |
ould | /ʊ/ | would, should, could |
ook | /ʊ/ | book, cook |
ood | /ʊ/ | hood, food, good |
u (закрытый слог) | /ʊ/ | put, pull |
ull | /ʊ/ | pull, full, bull |
ru (в открытом слоге) | /uː/ | rule |
lu (в открытом слоге) | /uː/ | blue |
ju (в открытом слоге) | /uː/ | June |
oo | /uː/ | boot, tooth, food, loop, troops, fool |
ou | /uː/ | soup |
ew (перед l, r, j) | /uː/ | flew, brew |
ough | /uː/ | through |
ew | /juː/ | few, news, nephew, stew, steward |
eu | /juː/ | European, euro |
u (открытый слог) | /juː/ | mute, cute |
o (закрытый слог) | /ɒ/ | hot, box, bottle |
oll | /ɒ/ | doll |
wa (под ударением) | /ɒ/ | was, want, wash |
wha (под ударением) | /ɒ/ | what |
or + согласная | /ɔː/ | pork, fork, passport |
or + гласная | /ɔː/ | more, adore, ignore |
oor | /ɔː/ | door, floor |
our + согласная (кроме r) | /ɔː/ | source |
aw | /ɔː/ | crawl, awful, lawn, law, paw |
au | /ɔː/ | autumn, audit, author, pause, launch |
aught | /ɔː/ | naughty, daughter, slaughter |
ought | /ɔː/ | bought, brought, fought, thought |
orse | /ɔː/ | horse, worse |
war + согласная | /ɔː/ | war, warm, ward |
whar + согласная | /ɔː/ | wharf |
all | /ɔː/ | mall , stall |
alk | /ɔː/ | walk, talk, chalk, stalk |
ald | /ɔː/ | bald |
oi | /ɔɪ/ | coin, point, soil, noise, voice |
oy | /ɔɪ/ | boy, toy, joyful, enjoy, employ |
ar + согласная | /ɑː/ | dark, car, farm, part, garden |
alf | /ɑː/ | calf, half |
ass | /ɑː/ | pass, class |
ast | /ɑː/ | past, cast |
alm | /ɑː/ | palm, calm |
ath | /ɑː/ | path, bath |
ask | /ɑː/ | task, ask |
eart | /ɑː/ | heart |
asp | /ɑː/ | gasp |
arm | /ɑː/ | harm |
ant | /ɑː/ | plant |
ir + гласная | /aɪə/ | tire, mire |
yr + гласная | /aɪə/ | tyre |
y + гласная (в начале слова) | /j/ | young, yesterday |
y (после гласной в конце слова) | /j/ | toy, boy, ray |
er + согласная | /ɜ:/ | berth, term, germ, service, her |
ur + согласная | /ɜ:/ | turn, burn, nurse, curse, surface |
ir + согласная | /ɜ:/ | bird, third, birthday, girl, flirt |
yr + согласная | /ɜ:/ | myrrh |
ear + согласная | /ɜ:/ | earl |
eard | /ɜ:/ | heard |
wor (в начале слова) | /ɜ:/ | worm, work |
ere | /ɜ:/ | were |
er + гласная | /ɪə/ | mere, sincere, severe, sphere |
eard | /ɪə/ | beard |
eird | /ɪə/ | weird |
ear (в конце слова) | /ɪə/ | ear, clear, dear, near |
eer | /ɪə/ | deer, cheer , peer |
ear | /eə/ | pear, bear, wear, tear, swear |
air | /eə/ | chair, air, fair, hair, pair |
are | /eə/ | bare, ware , careful, share |
er + гласная | /eə/ | there, where |
eir | /eə/ | heir, their |
ure | /juə/ | cure, pure, lure, endure, secure |
ure | /uə/ | sure |
our | /uə/ | pour |
oor | /uə/ | poor, boor |
ou | /aʊ/ | loud, proud, ground, sound, pound |
ow | /aʊ/ | down, town, brown, crown, row |
own | /aʊ/ | gown, brown |
our | /aʊə/ | our, sour, flour |
ower | /aʊə/ | power, tower |
o (открытый слог) | /əʊ/ | note |
o (в конце односложных слов) | /əʊ/ | go, no, so |
o (в безударном, в конце) | /əʊ/ | photo, tomato |
old | /əʊ/ | old, cold, gold, folder, soldier |
ow | /əʊ/ | crow, row, low, own, mow |
oa | /əʊ/ | soap, goat, moan, boat, coat |
ough | /əʊ/ | though |
olk | /əʊ/ | folk |
oll | /əʊ/ | roll |
ost | /əʊ/ | post, most, host |
ove (перед согласной) | /əʊ/ | stove, rove |
ar (в конце слова, не под ударением) | /ə/ | popular |
or (в конце слова, не под ударением) | /ə/ | actor |
er (в безударном слоге) | /ə/ | yesterday, waiter |
ur (в безударном слоге) | /ə/ | Saturday |
a (в безударном слоге) | /ə/ | about |
o (в безударном слоге) | /ə/ | control |
u (в безударном слоге) | /ə/ | album |
on (перед согласной) | /ʌ/ | son, London |
ome (перед согласной) | /ʌ/ | some, come |
ove (перед согласной) | /ʌ/ | love, dove, glove |
ouble | /ʌ/ | trouble, double |
ouple | /ʌ/ | couple |
ood | /ʌ/ | blood |
ull | /ʌ/ | dull |
ough | /ʌf/ | enough, rough, tough, slough |
l | /l/ | crawl, law, fly |
sh | /ʃ/ | ship, she, push, bush, mushroom |
su (в начале слова) | /ʃ/ | sure, sugar |
ssure | /ʃ/ | pressure |
cious | /ʃ/ | precious |
cian | /ʃ/ | musician |
sion | /ʃ/ | pension, passion, session, tension |
tion | /ʃ/ | station, intention, nation, sensation |
ch | /tʃ/ | chair, pinch, champaign |
tch (после краткого гласного) | /tʃ/ | fetch, match |
ture | /tʃə/ | nature, culture, furniture, literature |
zh | /ʒ/ | Zhukov |
s (между гласными, перед i, u) | /ʒ/ | visual, usual |
sure | /ʒə/ | pleasure, leisure, measure, treasure |
sion | /ʒn/ | vision, division, decision, invasion |
ough | /f/ | enough, rough, tough |
ph | /f/ | photo, phone, physics, philosophy |
ght | /t/ | fight, knight, sight |
s | /s/ | sister, sound, see |
s (окончание после глухих) | /s/ | cats |
ps | /s/ | psycho, psychology |
c (перед e, i, y) | /s/ | cent, precios, cinema |
sc | /s/ | scene, science |
ss | /s/ | pass, class |
sw | /s/ | answer |
st | /s/ | listen, fasten |
stle | /sl/ | whistle, castle, bustle |
kn | /n/ | knit , know, knife, knot |
gn | /n/ | gnat , gnaw |
th | /ð/ | that, other, mother, weather |
th | /θ/ | third, three, path, bath, author |
g (перед e, i, y) | /ɡ/ | give, get |
g (перед a, o, u) | /ɡ/ | game, gold, gum |
gue | /ɡ/ | dialogue |
gui | /ɡ/ | guide |
gu (после согласной) | /ɡw/ | language |
c (перед a, o, u) | /k/ | cold, cave, cure |
k | /k/ | keep, seek |
ck | /k/ | clock, kick, sick, chicken, truck |
ch | /k/ | chemistry, stomach, chorus |
x | /ks/ | box, fox, wax |
x | /ɡz/ | exam, exhibit |
sk | /sk/ | skate, skill |
sch | /sk/ | scheme, school |
sc | /sk/ | scarf, scare |
squ | /skw/ | squirrel |
qu | /kw/ | quite, quick, request, queen, require |
wr | /r/ | wrong, write, wrap, wreath |
ed (после звонких) | /d/ | turned |
ed (после t, d) | /ɪd/ | waited, nodded |
g (перед e, i, y) | /dʒ/ | general, gin, gym |
age | /dʒ/ | cottage, village |
ege | /dʒ/ | college |
j (в начале слова) | /dʒ/ | jeans, joy |
dg | /dʒ/ | knowledge, fridge, bridge, budget |
ng | /ŋ/ | lung, strong, taking, song, string |
ng | /ŋɡ/ | single, jungle |
nk | /ŋk/ | tank, bank, think, pink, sink |
nc | /ŋk/ | uncle, anchor, function, sanction |
mb | /m/ | numb, thumb, limb, climb, tomb |
ph | /v/ | nephew |
wh | /w/ | why, white, where, when |
who | /h/ | who, whom |
kh | /h/ | Tchinghiz Khan |
ed (после глухих, кроме t) | /t/ | watched, looked |
z | /z/ | zoo, zebra, zone |
s (между гласными, перед i, u) | /z/ | music, physics |
s (окончание после звонких) | /z/ | dogs, rolls |
es (окончание) | /ɪz/ | watches, bases |