1. Если главное предложение в прошедшем времени, то придаточное конвертируется в соответствии с правилами согласования времен | She said, ’I am well today’. She said she was well that day. |
2. В разговорной речи эта замена может не производиться, если события все еще актуальны | She said she was / is in London. |
3. Если главное предложение в будущем или настоящем времени, то согласование времен не производится | She says she is flying to London. |
4. Past Simple — Past Perfect | He told me he had been to London. |
5. Если Вы указываете кому что-либо было сказано, то используйте told / said to: | He told me he had been to London. He said to me he had been to London. |
6. Если не указываете, тогда — said | He said he had been to London. What did he say to you? What did he tell you? |
7. В косвенном вопросе меняем глагол ask на: | wondered wanted to know replied answered |
8. Некоторые высказывания заменяем глаголами | All right — agreed/liked No — refused Let’s… — suggested (doing) |
9. told (smb.) и ask (smb) имеет также смысл приказа, просьбы | Keep quiet! — He told me to keep quiet. Shut the door! — He asked me to shut the door. |
11. Замена модальных глаголов их прошедшими формами или их эквивалентами в прошедшей форме | can — could may — might shall — should will — would to be to — was / were to to have to — had to must — had to |
12. Обратите внимание, что can и may заменяем не только на could и might | We could go…Мы могли бы (наш выбор) пойти… We were not able to go…Мы не смогли (обстоятельства не позволили) пойти… We might go…Мы можем (возможно) поехать… We were not allowed to go…Мы не могли (нам не разрешили) поехать… |
13. В пассивном залоге есть только: | would / should be done would / should have been done |
14. В пассивном залоге нет: | would be being done would have been being done |