Содержание
Многозначность can, синонимичность be able to
Пример | Значение |
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Can you help me with my homework? Are you able to help me with my homework? | Не будет ли учитель против, если ты мне поможешь с заданием? (разрешение) |
Can you help me with my homework? Are you able to help me with my homework? | Если ты не очень занят сейчас, поможешь с заданием? (возможность) |
Can you help me with my homework? Are you able to help me with my homework? | Понимешь ли ты что-нибудь в этой теме? (способность) |
Can = be able to
Правильно | Правильно |
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He can’t help you | He is not able to help you | He can help you tomorrow | He will be able to help you tomorrow | He could help you | He was able to help you |
Can = might be able to
Правильно | Правильно |
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Tom can come tomorrow. | Tom might be able to come tomorrow. |
Can not (раздельно) = might not be able to
Правильно | Правильно |
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She can not come | She might not be able to come |
Фактическая возможность
Допускается | Предпочтительно |
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Yet you can look at the future of it in this very objective way. | Yet you are able to look at the future of it in this very objective way. |
Смочь / суметь
Пример | Значение |
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I ran fast so I could catch the bus. | смог сесть на автобус, и неважно, получилось или нет, важен мотив быстрого бега |
I ran fasts so I could have caught the bus. (I ran fast so I could catch the bus but I didn’t run fast enough.) | мог, но не сумел сесть на автобус |
I ran fast, so (and therefore) I was able to catch the bus. | сумел в итоге сесть на автобус |
was / were able to = managed to = реализовано
Пример | Значение |
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We were able to finish work earlier last Tuesday. (We managed to finish work earlier last Tuesday.) | смогли, и получилось |
I wasn’t able to lock the door yesterday. (I didn’t manage to lock the door yesterday.) | так и не смог |
could = реализовано
Пример | Значение |
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Finally we could finish work. | Наконец, мы смогли закончить работу |
could = не реализовано
Пример | Значение |
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We could finish work earlier last Tuesday. | могли, но не вышло |
I couldn’t lock the door yesterday. | не мог, и не получилось |
could + see / hear / smell / taste / feel / remember / understand
Правильно | Неправильно |
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When we went into the house, we could smell burning | When we went into the house, we were able to smell burning |
Модальный глагол + able to
Для выражения двойной модальности, саn заменяют на be able to, поскольку два модальных глагола не употребляются вместе
Правильно | Неправильно |
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I might be able to help you with the essay. | I might can help you with the essay. |
can не имеет present perfect
Правильно | Неправильно |
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I haven’t been able to sleep recently. | I couldn’t sleep recently. |
can не имеет форм будущего времени
Правильно | Неправильно |
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He will be able to walk in two months | He can walk in two months |
Абстрактные субъекты + can
Правильно | Неправильно |
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This can be done. | This is able to be done. | This fact can disprove their hypothesis. | This fact is able to disprove their hypothesis. |
Нюансы
Для отрицания универсален could.
Правильно | Правильно |
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We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us. | We tried hard but we were not able to persuade them to come with us. | Alf played well but he couldn’t beat Jack. | Alf played well but he wasn’t able to beat Jack. |
В ленивой речи могут употребить can (be) able to / can’t (be) able to.
Правильно | Неправильно |
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What if you won’t be able to serve someone in small claims court? | What if you can’t (be) able to serve someone in small claims court? |